Morphology of Flowering Plants

Both options (a) and (b) are correct.

A flower is called hypogynous, when the innermost floral whorl (gynoecium) occupies the highest position (superior)-Corolla and calyx are successively arise below it (inferior), e.g. Brassica, China rose, Papaver, Citrus, Solanum, cotton, etc. In perigynous flower, all the floral whorls are occurred at the same level of height on the thalamus, so they are called half superior or half inferior, e.g. rose, peach and Prunus, plum, etc. In an epigynous flower, the innermost whorl, i.e. gynoecium is covered by the elongated margins of thalamus. Thus, their position is inferior in relation to other floral whorls, which arise above the ovary and thus superior, e.g. guava, cucumber (Cucurbita) and coriander.

Pea, bean, Cassia, gulmohar flowers show zygomorphic symmetry.

When the flower is bilaterally symmetrical, i.e. divisible into only two equal halves by a single vertical plane, it is termed as zygomorphic, e.g. pea, bean, Cassia and gulmohar.

Datura, mustard, Chilly, Canna are examples of Actinomorphic flower which show regular or radial symmetry.

The statement in option (d) is incorrect. Apple is a false fruit. Any fruit which develops from any other part of flower then ovary is called false fruit. In apple the thalamus of flower becomes juicy and edible, hence it is false fruit.

Leaf tendrils are specialised thread-like sensitive structures, which are unbranched and devoid of scales. They can coil around a support and thus, help to the plants in climbing.

The given plant belongs to the family Papilionaceae. Characters of this family include corolla papilionaceous, petals 5, posterior odd petals is called standard, two lateral ones fused to form a keel or carina.

Valvate petals are close to each other and do not overlap. In twisted, petals overlap each other regularly.

In imbricate, there are five petals, arranged in such a way that one petal is completley external and one is completely internal. In quincuncial, two out of five petals are completely external and remaining 3 are partially external and partially internal. In vexillary, the posterior petal overlaps the two smaller lateral petals and later in turn overlap the two anterior petals.

Caryopsis and achenes develop from monocarpellary unilocular, one-seeded and superior ovaries. The only difference in them is that, in caryopsis, pericarp and seed coat are fused. Caryopsis is common in Poaceae family.