Microbes in Human Welfare

Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas whisky, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of fermented broth.

Azotobacter, Oscillatoria, Anabaena and Nostoc can fix nitrogen but Volvox cannot fix nitrogen.

Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack. Curd production is done by Lactobacillus and ethanol production is done by Saccharomyces.

Lactobacillus is used for production of curd.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for the fermentation of palm sap to obtain toddy drink.

Propionibacterium sharmanii is used for production of swiss cheese.

Aspergillus niger is used for the commercial production of citric acid.

Trichoderma polysporum is used for the production of cyclosporin A and also act as a biocontrol agent.

A, C are used in industrial production of citric acid and cyclosporin-A.

To match the microbes in List-I with their respective products in List-II, we need to understand the specific functions and products associated with these microbes:

• Streptococcus: This genus is known for producing enzymes that can act as clot busters, commonly used in medical treatments for dissolving blood clots.
• Trichoderma polysporum: This fungus is known for producing Cyclosporin A, which is an immunosuppressant drug used in organ transplantation.
• Monascus purpureus: This fungus produces Statins, which are compounds used to lower cholesterol levels in blood.
• Aspergillus niger: This fungus is known for producing Citric acid, which is widely used as a preservative and flavoring agent.

By matching the microbes with their respective products, we get:

So, the correct matching is:

$ \text{A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I} $

Thus, the correct answer is Option A: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

$ \begin{array}{lll} \text { A. Clostridium butylicum } & - & \text { Butyric acid } \\ \text { B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae } & - & \text { Ethanol } \\ \text { C. Trichoderma polysporum } & - & \text { Cyclosporin-A } \\ \text { D. Streptococcus } s p . & - & \text { Streptokinase } \end{array} $

Spirulina can be grown easily on materials like waste water from potato processing plants, so it can reduce environmental pollution. It can serve as food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins.

Hence, option (c) is correct as both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).

Bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients, is produced by the fungus, Trichoderma polysporum.

Let's match the terms in Column I with the appropriate terms in Column II :

1. (a) Pistils fused together : This refers to a condition in flowers where multiple pistils are united. The correct term for this is (iii) Syncarpous.




2. (b) Formation of gametes : This is the process of forming gametes (sex cells) in organisms. The correct term for this is (i) Gametogenesis.




3. (c) Hyphae of higher Ascomycetes : In higher Ascomycetes (a group of fungi), the hyphae are often dikaryotic, meaning they have two distinct nuclei in each cell. The correct term for this is (iv) Dikaryotic.




4. (d) Unisexual female flower : This describes a flower that has only female reproductive organs. The correct term for this is (ii) Pistillate.

Based on this analysis, the correct matching is :

• (a) - (iii)
• (b) - (i)
• (c) - (iv)
• (d) - (ii)

Therefore, the correct option is :

Option C : (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)

Let's evaluate each of the statements:

(A) In transcription, adenosine pairs with uracil

This statement is correct. During transcription, adenosine (A) in the DNA pairs with uracil (U) in the RNA.

(B) Regulation of lac operon by repressor is referred to as positive regulation

This statement is incorrect. The regulation of the lac operon by the repressor is an example of negative regulation, where the repressor protein inhibits the expression of the lac genes when lactose is absent.

(C) The human genome has approximately 50,000 genes

This statement is incorrect. The human genome is estimated to have about 20,000-25,000 genes.

(D) Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease

This statement is correct. Haemophilia is indeed a sex-linked recessive disorder, typically associated with mutations on the X chromosome.

Therefore, the correct statements are (A) and (D).

Hence, the number of correct statements is: two.

Option B: Two