Polymers

According to question and given monomers in the options, the polymer $X$ is nylon 6,6 as, it contains hydrogen bonding which is due to the presence of amide linkage. Thus, monomer $Y$ and $Z$ are hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. The reaction is as follows

$ \text { Thus, } Y \text { and } Z \text { are given in } B \text { and } E \text {. } $

$ \begin{aligned} &\text { The reaction involved is as follows }\\ &\begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{Si} & \xrightarrow[573 \mathrm{~K}]{\mathrm{Cu}} \underset{(X)}{\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{SiCl}_2} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}}\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{Si}(\mathrm{OH})_2(Y)+2 \mathrm{HCl} \end{aligned} \end{aligned} $

$ \begin{aligned} &\begin{aligned} &\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{Si}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{Y}) \xrightarrow{\text { Polymerisation }} \\ &-\left[\mathrm{Si}\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2-\mathrm{O}\right]- \end{aligned}\\ &\text { Thus, repeating unit in } \mathrm{Z} \text { is - }\\ &\left[\mathrm{Si}\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2-\mathrm{O}\right]- \end{aligned} $

Dacron and nylon 6,6 are the examples of polyester and polyamides respectively.

The correct match is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

The monomer of neoprene is chloroprene. It's IUPAC name is, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene.

Given:

Polymer ‘X’ is mainly used for making unbreakable cups and laminated sheets.

We’re asked: What are the monomers of polymer X?

Step 1: Identify the polymer

• Unbreakable cups and laminated sheets are typically made from melamine-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde type resins.

• However, phenol-formaldehyde resin (commonly known as Bakelite) is specifically known for:

• Being hard and brittle

• Used in electrical switches, unbreakable crockery, laminated sheets, etc.

Step 2: Match with monomers

Bakelite (phenol-formaldehyde resin) is formed by:

$ \text{Phenol} + \text{Formaldehyde} \longrightarrow \text{Phenol-formaldehyde resin (Bakelite)} $

Hence, the monomers are phenol and formaldehyde.

✅ Correct Answer:

Option C: phenol and formaldehyde

Polystyrene is not an example of condensation polymerisation. It is prepared by free radical addition polymerisation.

Condensation polymerisation is a form of a step-growth polymerisation where smaller molecules react with each other to form large structural unit while releasing by product such as water.

Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A . The correct explanation is,

The low surface tension of silicones, coupled with the molecular orientation of non-polar methyl groups, create highly hydrophobic barrier that repels water molecules.

When caprolactum is heated with water at a higher temperature, Polymer nylon-6 is obtained. The reaction is as follows,

Methanal is the common monomer of bakelite and melamine polymer.

Bakelite has phenol and methanal as monomer units. Melamine has melamine and methanal as monomer units.

The correct match is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

• Dacron is a fibre formed by condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid with the elimination of water molecule.

• Neoprene is a elastomer that are produced by polymerisation of chloroprene. Bakelite is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin.

• Polystyrene is a thermoplastics polymer made from monomer styrene.

Zeigler Natta catalyst $\left[\left(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5\right)_3 \mathrm{Al}+\mathrm{TiCl}_4\right]$ is used to prepare H.D.P.E. (high density polythene). For examples toys, grocery bags etc.

Thus, $R$ is the monomers polymer of dacron.

All the given statements are correct i.e. $A, B, C$.

Glyptal is made from monomer ethylene glycol and phthalic acid.

• Bakelite is used in making combs, phonograph records, electrical switches and handles of utensils etc.

• Nylon-2-nylon-6 is an alternating polyamide copolymer of glycine and amino caproic acid.

It is a biodegradable polymer.

$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Weight average molecular mass }\\ &\begin{aligned} & \left(\bar{M}_w\right)=\frac{\Sigma n_i m_i^2}{\Sigma n_i m_i} \\ & =\frac{3 \times\left(10^3\right)^2+3 \times(500)^2+4 \times(200)^2}{3 \times 10^3+3 \times 500+4 \times 200} \\ & =\frac{3,000,000+7,50,000+1,60,000}{5300} \\ & =737.7 \end{aligned} \end{aligned} $

The correct match is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Bakelite is a polymer made up of monomers, phenol and formaldehyde.

Natural rubber is a polymer made up of monomers 2 -methyl-1,3-butadiene.

Glyptal is formed from monomeric units phthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Nylon-2-nylon-6 is formed from glycine and aminocaproic acid monomers.

Let's analyze the list one by one to identify which ones are elastomers:

$\textbf{Natural rubber}$ – It is a classic elastomer, mainly composed of cis-1,4-polyisoprene.

$\textbf{Polyethene}$ – This is a thermoplastic polymer, not known for rubber-like elasticity.

$\textbf{Vulcanized rubber}$ – Vulcanization is a process applied to rubber (often natural rubber) to enhance its elasticity and strength, so it remains an elastomer.

$\textbf{Bakelite}$ – This is a thermosetting plastic, not an elastomer.

$\textbf{Polyvinylchloride (PVC)}$ – Typically a thermoplastic, it does not exhibit the high elasticity characteristic of elastomers.

$\textbf{Buna-N}$ – Also known as nitrile rubber, it is a synthetic elastomer commonly used for its oil resistance.

$\textbf{Nylon-6}$ – A polyamide that is a thermoplastic, not classified as an elastomer.

$\textbf{Neoprene}$ – Another synthetic rubber well known for its elastic properties, making it an elastomer.

From the list, the elastomers are:

Natural rubber

Vulcanized rubber

Buna-N

Neoprene

Thus, there are 4 elastomers.

The correct answer is: Option A (4).

Monomer is a molecule that forms the basic unit of polymer. These are building blocks of a polymer. Monomers bind to other monomer to form the repeating chain molecules. The monomers may be either natural or synthetic in origin monomer of melamine are,

$ \text { Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. } $

It is PHBV , i.e. poly- $\beta$-hydroxy butyrate-co- $\beta$-hydroxy valerate. It is a condensation, biodegradable and thermoplastic polyester (copolymer). So, statements I, II and IV are correct.

$\because$ Buna- S is $n \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_2$

(1, 3-butadine) $+n \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_2$ (styrene);

Buna- N is $n \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_2$

All these are synthetic rubber.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer, i.e. (ii), (iii) and (iv).

Anionic polymerisation can anionic initiator generates a carbanionic intermediate and such polymerisation is termed anionic addition polymerisation.

In this case, the active centre of propagating species has negative charge. So, it takes place easily with the monomer having electron withdrawing groups such as phenyl, nitrile etc. that are capable of stabilising the propagating species. Hence, $\mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CN}$ is the most reactive towards anionic polymerisation.