Chemistry in Everyday Life

Antihistamines helps to relieve allergies. Dimetapp is an antihistamine which helps to relieve cold and allergy.

The given structure is of chloramphenical, which is used as an antibiotic.

Valium and serotonin act as tranquilizers.

Sodium rosinate is the filler, which increases the lathering property of soap.

Calgon is sodium hexametaphosphate. It's formula is $\mathrm{Na}_2\left[\mathrm{Na}_4\left(\mathrm{PO}_3\right)_6\right]$.

The correct choice is Option C: equanil.

• Equanil (meprobamate) is a mild tranquillizer used in anxiety‐associated depression.

• Ranitidine is an H₂-blocker for peptic ulcers.

• Paracetamol is an analgesic/antipyretic.

• Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Let's review each option:

$\textbf{Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT)}$ is commonly used as an antioxidant in food.

$\textbf{Chloramphenicol}$ is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not an antiseptic.

$\textbf{Norethindrone}$ is a synthetic hormone employed as an antifertility drug in contraceptive formulations.

$\textbf{Alitame}$ is indeed an artificial sweetener used in various food products.

Based on these points, the incorrect match is:

Option B: Chloramphenicol - antiseptic.

Thus, Option B is the one that is not correctly matched.

Here's a breakdown of the matching and why the correct answer is Option C:

Let's analyze each compound and its corresponding use:

(A) Sodium perborate is a common ingredient in laundry detergents and is known for its bleaching and stain-removing properties. Therefore, it's linked to (R) Milk bleaching agent.

(B) Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant and is widely used in water treatment, sanitation, and cleaning. It's a strong disinfectant, so it matches (1) Disinfectant.

(C) Bithional is an antiseptic agent commonly found in soaps and personal care products. It helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. Therefore, it matches (2) Antiseptic.

(D) Potassium stearate is a major component of soap. It acts as a surfactant, helping to remove dirt and grease through emulsification. This matches (4) Soap.

Therefore, the correct matching is:

A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4

This corresponds to Option C.

Let's analyze both statements:

Statement I: Action of an enzyme can be blocked only when an inhibitor blocks the active site of the enzyme. This statement is false because enzyme inhibition can occur in more than one way. Besides competitive inhibition (where the inhibitor binds to the active site), there are other types such as non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition, where the inhibitor can bind elsewhere on the enzyme, altering its function.

Statement II: An inhibitor can form a strong covalent bond with the enzyme. This statement is true. Some inhibitors, known as irreversible inhibitors, form strong covalent bonds with the enzyme, permanently inactivating it.

So the correct answer is:

Option D: Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

The mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol is known as Dettol. It acts as an Antiseptic.

(B) is anionic detergent used in tooth pastes.

Liquified CO₂ for dry cleaning of clothes is in the use of green chemistry in day-to-day life.

Chlorine gas was used earlier for bleaching paper. Now a days, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with suitable catalyst are used. Earlier solvents like tetrachloroethylene were used in dry cleaning of clothes but they pollute the ground water and are carcinogenic.

Allosteric inhibitor combines at allosteric site and not the active site.

Drugs inhibit the attachment of substrate on active site of enzymes in two different ways :

(i) Drugs compete with the natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes. Such drugs are called competitive inhibitors.

(ii) Some drugs do not bind to the enzyme's active site. These bind to a different site of enzyme which is called allosteric site. This binding of inhibitor at allosteric site changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognise it.This is also called non-competitive inhibitor.

Non-competitive inhibitor changes the active site of enzyme after binding at allosteric site.

Sodium or ammonium thiosulphate is used as a fixing agent in photography. They converts the silver halide into soluble, complex silver salts that dissolve in the fixer. During this process the film loses its original silver halide milkiness overlaying the image and becomes clear.

Sodium stearate (C₁₇H₃₅COO^$-$Na⁺) is an anionic soap. Anionic part of sodium stearate is involved in cleansing action.

BHA is antioxidant (i.e. prevent oxidation). It help in food preservation by retarding the action of oxygen on food. As it is more reactive towards oxygen than the food material.