Chemistry in Everyday Life

The matching for each compound with its respective use is based on their known applications:

• Iodoform is a compound known for its application as an antiseptic. It has been used historically in medical applications for the treatment of wounds due to its antimicrobial properties. Hence, Iodoform matches with III. Antiseptic.
• Carbon Tetrachloride was widely used as a fire extinguishing agent due to its property of being a non-flammable liquid that can suffocate fires. However, its use has been significantly reduced in most countries because of its adverse health and environmental impacts. Carbon Tetrachloride matches with I. Fire extinguisher.
• CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) have been used as refrigerants in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Their capacity to absorb heat makes them suitable for this purpose. Unfortunately, their harmful effects on the ozone layer have led to their phase-out under global agreements like the Montreal Protocol. Therefore, CFC matches with IV. Refrigerants.
• DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is known for its use as an insecticide. It was widely used to control mosquito populations and other agricultural pests. However, due to environmental and health concerns, its use has been banned or severely restricted in many countries. DDT matches with II. Insecticide.

Thus, the correct option is Option B: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Each of the compounds listed in List I has distinct uses. Let's match them correctly with the uses mentioned in List II:

• Carbon tetrachloride (A) was historically used as a cleaning agent, among other things, but due to its toxicity and role in ozone depletion, it is no longer widely used for this purpose; hence it does not match with any of the uses. However, it was previously used in fire extinguishers, so one might think of it in association with (III).


• Methylene chloride (B), also known as dichloromethane, is commonly used as a solvent and paint remover, so it matches with (I).


• DDT (C) is a well-known, though now largely banned, insecticide due to its persistence and bioaccumulation, making it not biodegradable. It matches with (IV).


• Freons (D) is a trade name for a group of halogenated compounds used primarily as refrigerants, so it matches with (II).

Considering these associations, we can match the compounds with their correct uses:

• (A) Carbon tetrachloride - (III) Fire extinguisher
• (B) Methylene chloride - (I) Paint remover
• (C) DDT - (IV) Non-biodegradable insecticide
• (D) Freons - (II) Refrigerators and air conditioners

So, the correct match according to the given options will be:

Option B:
(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is Option B: alkaline hydrolysis reaction.

Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester into its component fatty acids and alcohol. In the context of soapmaking, this reaction is used to convert animal fats or vegetable oils into soap and glycerin.

The reaction is catalyzed by a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The base reacts with the ester group in the fat or oil, breaking it down into its component fatty acids and alcohol. The fatty acids then react with the base to form soap molecules.

The soap molecules have a long, hydrophobic (water-hating) tail and a short, hydrophilic (water-loving) head. The hydrophobic tail dissolves in oil, while the hydrophilic head dissolves in water. This allows soap to act as an emulsifying agent, which means it can help to mix oil and water together.

Soap is also a surfactant, which means it lowers the surface tension of water. This makes it easier for water to wet surfaces and remove dirt and grime.

Saponification is a versatile reaction that has many applications beyond soapmaking. It is also used to make biodiesel fuel, detergents, and other products.

Antagonists are substances that interfere with or inhibit the physiological action of another. They bind to receptors but do not activate them, and instead block the receptors from being activated by other substances.

Statement A is true. Antagonists do bind to the receptor site, blocking it from being activated by other substances.

Statement B is not typically true. Antagonists work by binding to the receptor site on the cell surface, not by being transferred inside the cell.

Statement C is true. By blocking the receptor site, antagonists can inhibit the natural communication of the body.

Statement D is not true. Antagonists do not mimic the natural messenger. They block its action instead. This is in contrast to agonists, which do mimic the action of the natural messenger.

Therefore, Option C "A and C" is the correct answer.

To find out which group of chemicals is used as a pesticide, let's examine each option :

Option A :

• Dieldrin : a pesticide
• Sodium Arsinite : a pesticide and herbicide
• Tetrachloroethene (also known as perchloroethylene) : used mainly as a solvent and not as a pesticide.

Option B :

• Aldrin : a pesticide
• Sodium Chlorate : mainly used as a herbicide, not a pesticide.
• Sodium Arsinite : a pesticide and herbicide

Option C :

• DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) : a well-known pesticide
• Aldrin : a pesticide

Option D :

• Sodium Chlorate : mainly used as a herbicide, not a pesticide.
• DDT : a pesticide
• PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) : not used as a pesticide, it is a pollutant found in smog.

From the options given, it appears that Option C (DDT and Aldrin) contains chemicals exclusively used as pesticides. Both chemicals in this option are known pesticides, while the other options contain chemicals that are not used as pesticides or are used for other primary purposes. Hence, the correct answer would be :

Option C : DDT, Aldrin

Let's examine each statement individually:

Statement I: Morphine is indeed a narcotic analgesic, which means it helps in relieving pain. However, the second part of the statement is incorrect because morphine can produce sleep or drowsiness as it is a central nervous system depressant.

Statement II: This statement is true. Morphine and its derivatives are obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).

Therefore, the correct answer is Option D: Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

We can match the vitamins with their deficiency diseases as follows:

• Vitamin A: Its deficiency causes Xerophthalmia, so A-III.


• Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Its deficiency leads to Beri-Beri, so B-I.


• Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C): Its deficiency causes Scurvy, so C-IV.


• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Its deficiency leads to Cheilosis, so D-II.

So the correct answer is:

A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

A. Tranquilizers - III. Antidepressant drugs

B. Aspirin - I. Anti blood clotting

C. Antibiotic - II. Salvarsan

D. Antiseptic - IV. Soframicine

Note :

Tranquilizers are a type of antidepressant drugs used to treat mental and emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug and also acts as an anti-blood clotting agent, making it useful in reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. Salvarsan, also known as arsphenamine, was one of the first antibiotics used to treat syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Antiseptics are substances used to prevent the growth and spread of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Soframicine is an example of an antiseptics.

Antihistamines not affect the secretion of acid in stomach, the reason is that antiallergic and antacid drugs work on different receptors.

Equanil is for depression and hypertension.

Statement I: Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter.

This statement is correct. Noradrenaline is a type of neurotransmitter, which are chemicals that help transmit signals from one nerve cell to another. Noradrenaline is produced and released by nerve cells and acts on other nerve cells, as well as on various organs and tissues in the body, to regulate important functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Statement II: Low level of noradrenaline is not the cause of depression in human.

This statement is incorrect. Although depression can be caused by a variety of factors, low levels of noradrenaline have been linked to depression in some cases. Studies have shown that individuals with depression often have reduced levels of noradrenaline in certain areas of the brain, leading researchers to believe that a deficiency in this neurotransmitter may contribute to depression. However, it is important to note that depression is a complex disorder with multiple causes, and low levels of noradrenaline may not be the sole cause of depression in all individuals.

Let's analyze both statements:

Statement I: Action of an enzyme can be blocked only when an inhibitor blocks the active site of the enzyme. This statement is false because enzyme inhibition can occur in more than one way. Besides competitive inhibition (where the inhibitor binds to the active site), there are other types such as non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition, where the inhibitor can bind elsewhere on the enzyme, altering its function.

Statement II: An inhibitor can form a strong covalent bond with the enzyme. This statement is true. Some inhibitors, known as irreversible inhibitors, form strong covalent bonds with the enzyme, permanently inactivating it.

So the correct answer is:

Option D: Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

The mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol is known as Dettol. It acts as an Antiseptic.

(B) is anionic detergent used in tooth pastes.

Liquified CO₂ for dry cleaning of clothes is in the use of green chemistry in day-to-day life.

Chlorine gas was used earlier for bleaching paper. Now a days, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with suitable catalyst are used. Earlier solvents like tetrachloroethylene were used in dry cleaning of clothes but they pollute the ground water and are carcinogenic.