Chemistry in Everyday Life

Statement I: Shaving soaps contain glycerol to prevent rapid drying.

✅ True.

Glycerol (or glycerin) is added to shaving soaps to keep the soap moist and prevent it from drying too quickly during use. It also improves smoothness and provides lubrication for shaving.

Statement II: Laundry soaps contain sodium carbonate as filler.

✅ True.

Laundry soaps often include sodium carbonate (washing soda) as a builder or filler. It helps in removing hardness of water, improves detergent efficiency, and aids in cleaning.

✅ Correct Answer: Option A

Both statement-I and statement-II are correct.

$X$ is the type of synthetic detergent used in toothpaste, and $Y$ is “animal starch”.

Step 1: Identify $X$ (detergent in toothpaste)

Toothpaste commonly contains sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as the cleansing/foaming agent.

SLS is a sodium salt of a long-chain alkyl sulfate, so it produces negatively charged ions in water.

Hence, $X$ is an anionic detergent.

Step 2: Identify $Y$ (animal starch)

In NCERT, the carbohydrate stored in animals (especially in liver and muscles) is glycogen, which is often called animal starch.

So, $Y = \text{glycogen}$.

Therefore, $X$ and $Y$ are anionic and glycogen respectively.

Correct option: C

• A. Chloramphenicol: This is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

• B. Oflaxacin (or Ofloxacin): This is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, used to treat various bacterial infections.

• C. Penicillin: This is a well-known beta-lactam antibiotic, one of the first discovered, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

• D. Novestrol: This name does not correspond to a known antibiotic. "Novestrol" sounds similar to Estradiol (an estrogen hormone) or a related hormonal compound, or it could be a made-up name. In any case, it is not an antibiotic.

Therefore, Novestrol is not an antibiotic.

The final answer is $\boxed{\text{Novestrol}}$

Let's analyze the properties of each artificial sweetener mentioned in the options:

1. Sucralose:

• Derived from sucrose by replacing three hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms.

• Sucrose is a disaccharide containing a glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose units.

• Since sucralose retains this core structure, it also contains a glycosidic linkage.

• Therefore, Sucralose fits the description for X.

2. Alitame:

• It is a dipeptide amide, specifically L-alanine + D-aspartic acid + an amine.

• It contains amide linkages due to the peptide bonds.

• However, it does not contain an ester linkage.

• Therefore, Alitame does not fit the description for Y (which requires both amide and ester linkages).

3. Aspartame:

• It is a methyl ester of a dipeptide (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine).

• It contains an amide linkage (peptide bond) between aspartic acid and phenylalanine.

• It also contains an ester linkage (the methyl ester of the phenylalanine carboxyl group).

• Therefore, Aspartame fits the description for Y as it contains both amide and ester linkages.

4. Saccharin:

• It is a sulfimide derivative (1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide).

• It does not contain glycosidic, amide, or ester linkages.

• Therefore, Saccharin does not fit the description for X or Y.

• Option A: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

  → This is a cationic detergent (a quaternary ammonium compound). Thus, it is a synthetic detergent.

• Option B: Sodium stearate

  → This is the sodium salt of a fatty acid (stearic acid) — it is a soap, not a synthetic detergent.

• Option C: Sodium laurylsulphate

  → This is an anionic synthetic detergent (commonly called SDS or SLS).

• Option D: Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate

  → This is also an anionic synthetic detergent, one of the most commonly used (found in many household detergents).

✅ Answer: Option B — Sodium stearate is not an example of a synthetic detergent.

(A) Equanil → It is meprobamate, used as a tranquilizer, helps to control hypertension and anxiety.

→ So (A) → (IV) To control hypertension

(B) Furacine → It is nitrofurazone, used as an antiseptic for treating wounds.

→ So (B) → (III) Antiseptic

(C) Tegamet → It is cimetidine, which reduces acid secretion in the stomach; an antacid.

→ So (C) → (II) Antacid

(D) Veronal → It is barbital, used as a hypnotic (sleep-inducing drug).

→ So (D) → (I) Hypnotic

✅ Correct matching:

(A) – IV

(B) – III

(C) – II

(D) – I

Hence, the correct option is:

Option D: (A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I)

Among the given options, $A, B, C$ are synthetic detergent $\left(C{ }{ }_{15} \mathrm{H}_{31} \mathrm{COO}\right)_3 \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_5$ represent a type of soap, specially a triglyceride derived from stearic acid.

$ \text { The structure of bithionol. } $

$2=\mathrm{OH}$ group

$4=\mathrm{Cl}$ group

Equanil is used to control depression and hypertension.

The chemical substance that neutralised excess acid released by body is called antacid.

Phenelzine is not an example of antacid.

$ \text { Phenelzine is used to treat depression. } $

The incorrect statement is Option B.

• Branched-chain detergents are not easily biodegradable; it’s the linear-chain detergents (like LAS) that break down readily in the environment.

Blood is a colloidal solution of an albuminoid substance. The styptic action of alum and ferric chloride $\left(\mathrm{FeCl}_3\right)$ solution is due to coagulation of blood forming a clot which further stop bleeding.

Set given in option (a) is not cofrectly matched, while all other are matched correctly.

It's correct form is,

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener. It is used in diet coke, chewing gum etc.

The enamel on teeth becomes significantly harder due to the transformation of the compound $[3 \mathrm{Ca}_3(\mathrm{PO}_4)_2 \cdot \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2]$ into $[3 \mathrm{Ca}_3(\mathrm{PO}_4)_2 \cdot \mathrm{CaF}_2]$.

Thus, the components $X$ and $Y$ in this transformation are $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2$ and $\mathrm{CaF}_2$ respectively.

Sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as preservative in food industry.

$ \bullet\,\, $Salt of propanoic acid is used as preservative of food.

$ \bullet \,\,$Veronal is basically a barbiturate drug which is used as sedative.

$ \bullet \,\,$Dettol is an antiseptic not antibiotic. Hence, only option (b) is correctly matched.

Let's analyze the matches step by step.

Veronal is a barbiturate, and these are generally used as hypnotics. So, Veronal (A) matches with Hypnotic (ii).

Morphine is a well-known opioid used primarily as an Analgesic. So, Morphine (B) matches with Analgesic (iii).

Seldane, which is the brand name for terfenadine, is used as an Antihistamine. So, Seldane (C) matches with Antihistamine (i).

Thus, the correct matches are:

A – ii

B – iii

C – i

This corresponds to Option C.

Aspartame is sweetener used in soft drinks only as it is unstable at cooking temperature.

The pair that is not correctly matched is:

• Option B: Luminal - antidepressant

Here's why:

Salvarsan was developed to treat syphilis, making Option A a correct match.

Luminal is actually a brand name for phenobarbital, which is used as an anticonvulsant and sedative, not as an antidepressant.

Morphine is an opioid analgesic that is used to relieve severe pain, including cardiac pain in conditions such as myocardial infarction, so Option C is acceptable.

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, which makes Option D correctly matched.

Thus, the mismatch occurs with Option B.

The given structure of prontosil

$ \left[\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{13} \mathrm{~N}_5 \mathrm{O}_2 \mathrm{~S}\right] $

Prontosil is a diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituent at $z^{\prime}$ and $4^{\prime}$ positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at $4^{\prime}$ position.

The correct information is as follows:

Penicillin: It is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.

Chloramphenicol: It is a broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotic. This statement is correct.

Ampicillin: It is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic.

Ofloxacin: It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Each statement defines the spectrum and type (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) of these antibiotics.