Basics of Organic Chemistry
Bond line formula of HOCH(CN)$_2$ is :
Which of the following is strongest Bronsted base?
Which of the following has highly acidic hydrogen?
Cyclohexene
is ________ type of an organic compound.
IUPAC name of following compound (P) is:
How many compounds among the following compounds show inductive, mesomeric as well as hyperconjugation effects?
Explanation:
are the compounds show inductive, mesomeric as well as hyperconjugation.
Total number of aromatic compounds among the following compounds is ______.
Explanation:
The aromatic compounds is 
only in the given compounds.
The number of optically active compounds from the following is _________.
Explanation:
The optically active compound is :
The number of optical isomers in following compound is : __________.
Explanation:
$\begin{aligned} \text { Total stereogenic centre }=5 \\ \begin{aligned} \text { Total optical isomer } & =2^n \\ & =2^5=32 \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$
Number of carbocations from the following that are not stabilized by hyperconjugation is _______.
Explanation:
Using the given figure, the ratio of $\mathrm{R}_f$ values of sample $\mathrm{A}$ and sample $\mathrm{C}$ is $x \times 10^{-2}$. Value of $x$ is __________.
Explanation:
To determine the ratio of the $\mathrm{R}_f$ values of sample $\mathrm{A}$ and sample $\mathrm{C}$, follow these steps:
- Understanding the $\mathrm{R}_f$ Value:
The $\mathrm{R}_f$ value (Retention factor) is calculated using the formula:
$\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{f}} = \frac{\text{Distance travelled by the substance from the base line }(\mathrm{x})}{\text{Distance travelled by the solvent from the base line }(\mathrm{y})}$
- Calculate $\mathrm{R}_f$ for Sample $A$:
- Distance travelled by substance $A$ (from the figure): 5 cm
- Distance travelled by the solvent: 12.5 cm
- So, $\left(R_f\right)_A = \frac{5}{12.5}$
- Calculate $\mathrm{R}_f$ for Sample $C$:
- Distance travelled by substance $C$ (from the figure): 10 cm
- Distance travelled by the solvent: 12.5 cm
- So, $\left(R_f\right)_C = \frac{10}{12.5}$
- Ratio of $\mathrm{R}_f$ values for $A$ and $C$:
- The ratio is given by:
$\frac{\left(R_f\right)_A}{\left(R_f\right)_C} = \frac{\frac{5}{12.5}}{\frac{10}{12.5}}$
- Simplify the ratio:
$\frac{\left(R_f\right)_A}{\left(R_f\right)_C} = \frac{5}{12.5} \times \frac{12.5}{10} = \frac{5}{10} = 0.5$
- Converting to the given form:
- The simplified ratio (0.5) should be expressed in the form $x \times 10^{-2}$.
- Since $0.5 = 50 \times 10^{-2}$,
we can identify $x = 50$.
Therefore, the value of $x$ is 50.
The total number of 'sigma' and 'pi' bonds in 2-oxohex-4-ynoic acid is ______.
Explanation:
Total number of $\sigma$ & $\pi$ bonds = 18
The number of different chain isomers for C$_7$H$_{16}$ is __________.
Explanation:
(1) heptane
(2) 2-methylhexane
(3) 3-methylhexane
(4) 2,2-dimethylpentane
(5) 2,3-dimethylpentane
(6) 2,4-dimethylpentane
(7) 3,3-dimethylpentane
(8) 3-ethylpentane
(9) 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
Explanation:
Explanation:
Explanation:
There is one chiral centre present in given compound.
So, Total optical isomers $=2$
Number of isomeric products formed by monochlorination of 2-methylbutane in presence of sunlight is ________.
Explanation:
$\therefore$ Number of isomeric products = 6
Number of geometrical isomers possible for the given structure is/are _________.
Explanation:
3 stereocenteres, symmetrical
Total Geometrical isomers $\rightarrow 4$. EE, ZZ, EZ (two isomers)
Total number of compounds with Chiral carbon atoms from following is _________.
Explanation:
Chiral carbons are marked by,
3-Methylhex-2-ene on reaction with $\mathrm{HBr}$ in presence of peroxide forms an addition product (A). The number of possible stereoisomers for '$\mathrm{A}$' is ________.
Explanation:
Among the given organic compounds, the total number of aromatic compounds is
Explanation:
Among the following, total number of meta directing functional groups is (Integer based)
$-\mathrm{OCH}_3,-\mathrm{NO}_2,-\mathrm{CN},-\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{NHCOCH}_3, -\mathrm{COR},-\mathrm{OH},-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{Cl}$
Explanation:
Here's how to identify the meta-directing functional groups and determine the total :
Meta-Directing Groups:- Meta-directing groups are electron-withdrawing. They destabilize the intermediate carbocation that forms during electrophilic aromatic substitution at the ortho and para positions more than at the meta position.
- Common meta-directing groups include:
- -NO₂ (nitro)
- -CN (cyano)
- -COR (carbonyl groups, like ketones and aldehydes)
- -COOH (carboxylic acid)
- -SO₃H (sulfonic acid)
Identifying Meta-Directing Groups in the List:
- -OCH₃: Ortho/para-directing (electron-donating)
- -NO₂: Meta-directing
- -CN: Meta-directing
- -CH₃: Ortho/para-directing (electron-donating)
- -NHCOCH₃: Ortho/para-directing (electron-donating)
- -COR: Meta-directing
- -OH: Ortho/para-directing (electron-donating)
- -COOH: Meta-directing
- -Cl: Ortho/para-directing (weakly deactivating)
Total Count:
There are four meta-directing groups in the list: -NO₂, -CN, -COR, -COOH
Answer:The total number of meta-directing functional groups is 4.
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Tropolone is an aromatic compound and has $8 \pi$ electrons.
Statement II : $\pi$ electrons of $ > \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$ group in tropolone is involved in aromaticity.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Among the following compounds, the one which shows highest dipole moment is
Thin layer chromatography of a mixture shows the following observation:
The correct order of elution in the silica gel column chromatography is
The decreasing order of hydride affinity for following carbocations is:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Using column chromatography, mixture of two compounds 'A' and 'B' was separated. 'A' eluted first, this indicates 'B' has
The correct IUPAC nomenclature for the following compound is:
The descending order of acidity for the following carboxylic acid is-
A. $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}$
B. $\mathrm{F}_{3} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{COOH}$
C. $\mathrm{ClCH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}$
D. $\mathrm{FCH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}$
E. $\mathrm{BrCH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
From the figure of column chromatography given below, identify incorrect statements.
A. Compound 'c' is more polar than 'a' and 'b'
B. Compound '$\mathrm{a}$' is least polar
C. Compound 'b' comes out of the column before 'c' and after 'a'
D. Compound 'a' spends more time in the column
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Resonance in carbonate ion $\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}{ }^{2-}\right)$ is
Which of the following is true?
Match items of column I and II
| Column I (Mixture of compounds) | Column II (Separation Technique) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | $\mathrm{H_2O/CH_2Cl_2}$ | i. | Crystalization |
| B. |  |
ii. | Differential solvent extraction |
| C. | Kerosene / Naphthalene | iii. | Column chromatography |
| D. | $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6/NaCl}$ | iv. | Fractional Distillation |
Correct match is
Match List I with List II:
| List I (Mixture) | List II (Separation Technique) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | $\mathrm{CHCl}_3+\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{NH}_2$ | I. | Steam distillation |
| B. | $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14}+\mathrm{C}_5 \mathrm{H}_{12}$ | II. | Differential extraction |
| C. | $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{NH}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ | III. | Distillation |
| D. | $\text { Organic compound in } \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ | IV. | Fractional distillation |
Which of the following conformations will be the most stable?
The correct order in aqueous medium of basic strength in case of methyl substituted amines is :
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : Benzene is more stable than hypothetical cyclohexatriene
Reason R : The delocalised $\pi$ electron cloud is attracted more strongly by nuclei of carbon atoms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which will undergo deprotonation most readily in the basic medium?
Three organic compounds A, B and $\mathrm{C}$ were allowed to run in thin layer chromatography using hexane and gave the following result (see figure). The $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{f}}$ value of the most polar compound is ____________ $\times 10^{-2}$
Explanation:
$\therefore \mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{f}}$ value for most polar compound
$ \begin{aligned} & =\frac{2}{8}=0.25 \\\\ & =25 \times 10^{-2} \end{aligned} $
The total number of chiral compound/s from the following is ______________.
Explanation:
Following chromatogram was developed by adsorption of compound 'A' on a 6 cm TLC glass plate. Retardation factor of the compound 'A' is _________ $\times 10^{-1}$.
Explanation:
$=\frac{3.0 \mathrm{~cm}}{5.0 \mathrm{~cm}}=0.6$ or $6 \times 10^{-1}$
Given below are two statements.
Statement I : The compound 
is optically active.
Statement II : 
is mirror image of above compound A.
In the light of the above statement, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Arrange the following in increasing order of reactivity towards nitration
A. p-xylene
B. bromobenzene
C. mesitylene
D. nitrobenzene
E. benzene
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : Thin layer chromatography is an adsorption chromatography.
Reason R : A thin layer of silica gel is spread over a glass plate of suitable size in thin layer chromatography which acts as an adsorbent.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) |  |
(I) | Spiro compound |
| (B) |  |
(II) | Aromatic compound |
| (C) |  |
(III) | Non-planar Heterocyclic compound |
| (D) |  |
(IV) | Bicyclo compound |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Among the following marked proton of which compound shows lowest $\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{a}}$ value?
Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I (Mixture) |
List - II (Purification Process) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Chloroform & Aniline | (I) | Steam distillation |
| (B) | Benzoic acid & Napthalene | (II) | Sublimation |
| (C) | Water & Aniline | (III) | Distillation |
| (D) | Napthalene & Sodium chloride | (IV) | Crystallisation |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and, the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: [6] Annulene, [8] Annulene and cis-[10] Annulene, are respectively aromatic, not-aromatic and aromatic.
Reason R: Planarity is one of the requirements of aromatic systems.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
The correct decreasing order of priority of functional groups in naming an organic Question: compound as per IUPAC system of nomenclature is
Which technique among the following, is most appropriate in separation of a mixture of $100 \,\mathrm{mg}$ of $p$-nitrophenol and picric acid ?