Aldehyde and Ketone

$ \text { The complete reaction, } $

Alcohol $/ \mathrm{KOH}, \Delta \mathrm{NaNH}_2 \downarrow$ Double elimination

The complete reaction sequence is as follows

$ \text { The complete reaction occurs as follows } $

Please note here, in question product of ' $X$ ' is mentioned, but it should be $X$.

The complete reaction is as follows

The electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon is increased by electron withdrawing group while it is decreased by electron donating group. Thus the correct decreasing order of electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon is

$ \text { i.e. } \mathrm{IV}>\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{II} $

$ \text { The complete reaction is as follows, } $

The mention reaction is Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction. The complete reaction is,

The correct match is A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

$ \text { The complete reaction sequence is as follow } $

$ \text { So, the number of } s p^3 \text { hybridised carbon in product } Y \text { is } 5 \text {. } $

Etard Reaction : is a method to oxidise toluene into benzaldehyde

$ \text { Complete reaction is as follows, } $

When $2^{\circ}$ alcohol is oxidised with $\mathrm{CrO}_{3^{\prime}}$ Ketone is obtained

$ \mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH})-\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CrO}_3} \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COC}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 $

The carbonyl compound $(X) \left(\mathrm{C}_8 \mathrm{H}_8 \mathrm{O}\right)$ giving yellow ppt. with NaOI indicates the presence of a methyl ketone. Also, since $X$ is a carbonyl compound not an alcohol thus $X$ must be a methyl ketone.

Now, the above two conditions specifies that $X$ is acetophenone.

Thus, hemiacetal of $X$ with methanol/dry HCl is

Among the given options only $\mathrm{KMnO}_4 / \mathrm{OH}^{-}, \mathrm{H}^{+}$and $\mathrm{CrO}_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2 / \mathrm{Cs}_2, \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}$ can convert toluene into benzaldehyde.

Let's analyze the reactions step by step:

For reagent A, $\mathrm{C_6H_5NHNH_2}$ (phenylhydrazine):

When a ketone reacts with phenylhydrazine, it forms a phenyl hydrazone.

From List II, "Phenyl hydrazone" is option iv.

For reagent B, $\mathrm{NH_2OH}$ (hydroxylamine):

Reaction with a ketone gives an oxime.

From List II, "Oxime" is option iii.

For reagent C, $\mathrm{C_6H_5NH_2}$ (aniline):

When a ketone reacts with a primary amine like aniline, a Schiff base (imine) is formed.

From List II, "Schiff base" is option i.

Thus, the correct matching is:

A → iv (Phenyl hydrazone)

B → iii (Oxime)

C → i (Schiff base)

So, the correct answer is: Option A, A-IV, B-III, C-I.

$ \text { The reactions involved are as follows } $

$ \text { Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound is but-3-en-2-one. } $

The incorrect statement about $B$ i.e. benzaldehyde is given in option (b) as it (an aromatic aldehyde) does not give test with Fehling's solution.

The complete reaction sequence is as follows

The reaction sequence according to question is,

So, the oxime of compound $X$ i.e. propanol is

The complete reaction is as follows.

$ X=\mathrm{NH}_2 \mathrm{OH} \text { and } Y=\left(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CO}\right)_2 \mathrm{O} $

Friedel-Crafts acylation of toluene gives p-acylated product.

Product A in presence of $\mathrm{KMnO}_4 / \mathrm{KOH}$ gives benzoic acid derivative. Here, methyl group is oxidised to $-$COOH group.

Product B in presence of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ get hydrolysed to form $-$COOH group at para-position as well.

In nucleophilic addition reaction, nucleophile attacks at the electrophilic carbonyl centre. The order of electrophilicity is

So, the increasing order of their reactivity for nucleophilic addition reaction is

i.e. A < B < C < D

LiAlH$_4$ (Lithium aluminium hydride) reduces acetic acid to ethyl alcohol which further oxidises in presence of Cu to ethanal and undergoes aldol condensation.

When CH$_3$COCl react with (CH$_3$)$_2$Cd, it will form acetone as a product (P). On further step, acetone (P) react with acetaldehyde to give aldol condensation reaction and formed $\alpha,\beta$-unsaturated alkene product.

Hence, total products in final step are 4.