Chemistry in Everyday Life

The chemical $X$ is aspirin, which is used to prevent heart attack. Its structure is

• Assertion (A): Aspirin is useful in the prevention of heart attacks.

  This assertion is correct. Low-dose aspirin is widely used to prevent heart attacks and strokes, especially in individuals at risk orThose who have already experienced such events.

• Reason (R): Aspirin acts as an anti-blood clotting agent.

  This reason is also correct. Aspirin works by inhibiting the aggregation (clumping) of platelets, which are components in the blood responsible for forming clots. By doing so, it reduces the risk of harmful blood clots forming in arteries, which can lead to heart attacks or strokes.

• Relationship between A and R:

  Heart attacks are often caused by blood clots blocking the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Since aspirin acts as an anti-blood clotting agent (by preventing platelet aggregation), it directly helps to prevent these clots from forming. Therefore, Reason (R) provides the correct explanation for why Aspirin is useful in the prevention of heart attacks (Assertion A).

Thus, both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation for A.

The final answer is $\boxed{\text{Option A}}$

Synthetic drugs like dimetapp (brompheniramine) and seldane (terfenadine) act as antihistamines. They interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.

• A. Bithionol: Bithionol is an antiseptic. It is commonly added to soaps to reduce its antiseptic properties.

  • Therefore, A matches with III (Antiseptic).

• B. Saccharin: Saccharin is one of the oldest and most widely used artificial sweeteners.

  • Therefore, B matches with I (Artificial sweetener).

• C. Sodium benzoate: Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative, particularly in acidic foods.

  • Therefore, C matches with IV (Food preservative).

• D. Norethindrone: Norethindrone is a synthetic progestin that is used as a contraceptive (birth control pill). It is an antifertility drug.

  • Therefore, D matches with II (Antifertility drug).

Combining these matches, we get:

A - III

B - I

C - IV

D - II

This combination matches Option A.

The final answer is $\boxed{A}$

The incorrect statement about chloramphenicol is given in option (c). It's correct form is, It is primarily a bacteriostatic antibiotic.

$ \text { The structure of DDT is, } $

The correct answer is:

✅ Option D: Aspartame

Explanation:

Aspartame is a dipeptide methyl ester composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Its chemical name is L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester.

Because it contains phenylalanine, individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid it.

Other options for comparison:

• Saccharin – a sulfonamide compound, not derived from amino acids.

• Sucralose – a chlorinated derivative of sucrose (sugar), not protein-based.

• Alitame – a dipeptide sweetener related to aspartame but has a different amine component (aspartic acid + a different amine, not phenylalanine).

Answer: D) Aspartame

Aspirin primarily possesses the following effects:

Anti-inflammatory: Aspirin is known to reduce inflammation, helping alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory conditions by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and thus reducing prostaglandin production. This makes it effective in treating pain associated with inflammation.

Anti-pyretic: It reduces fever by acting on the hypothalamus in the brain, which results in vasodilation and increases heat dissipation from the body, lowering body temperature.

Anti-coagulant: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and is used as an anti-coagulant, helping prevent blood clots by blocking the production of thromboxane, a molecule that facilitates platelet clumping.

Therefore, the correct effects of aspirin are options $A$, $C$, and $D$.

Correct Option: B

$A, C, D$

The correct match is A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV.

Ranitidine drug is a type of antacid. Seldane drug used for runny nose is a type of antihistamine .

Serotonin used for sedating is a type of tranquilizer. Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic drugs.

The incorrect statement about chloramphenicol is :

Option C : it is a bactericidal drug.

Chloramphenicol is not typically classified as a bactericidal drug; rather, it is known to be a bacteriostatic antibiotic, which means it inhibits the growth and multiplication of bacteria rather than killing them directly.

Here’s a brief explanation of the properties of chloramphenicol :

Bacteriostatic Drug : Chloramphenicol works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thus preventing bacterial growth.

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic : It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species.

Used to Treat Typhoid : Chloramphenicol is utilized in treating serious infections like typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi.

The bactericidal property does not fit chloramphenicol as it is primarily known to arrest bacterial progression rather than causing bacterial cell death.

Antihistamines helps to relieve allergies. Dimetapp is an antihistamine which helps to relieve cold and allergy.

The given structure is of chloramphenical, which is used as an antibiotic.

Valium and serotonin act as tranquilizers.

Sodium rosinate is the filler, which increases the lathering property of soap.

Calgon is sodium hexametaphosphate. It's formula is $\mathrm{Na}_2\left[\mathrm{Na}_4\left(\mathrm{PO}_3\right)_6\right]$.

The correct choice is Option C: equanil.

• Equanil (meprobamate) is a mild tranquillizer used in anxiety‐associated depression.

• Ranitidine is an H₂-blocker for peptic ulcers.

• Paracetamol is an analgesic/antipyretic.

• Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Let's review each option:

$\textbf{Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT)}$ is commonly used as an antioxidant in food.

$\textbf{Chloramphenicol}$ is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not an antiseptic.

$\textbf{Norethindrone}$ is a synthetic hormone employed as an antifertility drug in contraceptive formulations.

$\textbf{Alitame}$ is indeed an artificial sweetener used in various food products.

Based on these points, the incorrect match is:

Option B: Chloramphenicol - antiseptic.

Thus, Option B is the one that is not correctly matched.

It is a sugar substitute in a food, that provides sweet taste but has no or very little amount of energy, i.e. it has zero or low calorie.

Aspartame is an example of artificial sweetening agent, it is about 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is used in beverages and cold drinks. It is a methyl ester of aspartic acid. It has molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_{14} \mathrm{H}_{18} M_2 \mathrm{O}_5$.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

$ \text { Paracetamol (Pain reliever) is, } $

Paracetamol is an antipyretic drug. It is used to lower the body temperature. It has the following structure:

$ \text { Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. } $

Paul Ehrlich (a German bacteriologist got Nobel prize in 1908 for medicine, discovered arsenic bared compound, Salvarsan (arsphenamine) for the treatment of syphilis. Although Salvarsan is toxic to human being, but its effect on the bacteria, spirochete (Causing syphilis) is much greater than on human beings.