Biological Classification

C

E. coli is a prokaryotic bacterium.

Auxospores are generally called rejuvenescent cells because they help in increasing diatom size to normal one. Auxospores are commonly formed form zygote.

Fungi are considered ubiquitous i.e., they occur in a variety of habitats. Most of them are moisture loving and terrestrial and few (e.g., Monoblepharis) are aquatic. Fungi may be epiphytic (i.e., live on plants e.g., Armillaria), saprophytic (i.e., grow in dead organic matter e.g., Mucor), symbiotic (i.e., live with association with other plants e.g., lichen, mycorrhiza) and predacious (e.g., Dactyldela) and parasitic (e.g., Erysipi) fungi are non-chlorophyllus i.e., devoid of chlorophyll hence cannot prepare their own food. They are heterotrophic and show absorptive type of nutrition.

Yeast are facultative aerobes i.e., they are anaerobes but also survive under aerobic conditions and respire aerobically as well.

Bacterial cell is prokaryotic. It lacks true nucleus, membrane bound organelles and sexual reproduction.

Fruticose are well branched shruby lichens with upright and pendulous organization. These are attached to substratum by a discoid structure. Plant body can be divided into prostrate, leafy and lobed thallus.

Mycorrhiza represents mutualistic symbiosis between fungus and roots of higher plants. Fungus helps in absorption of minerals and water. Fungus also gets food from plant.

Rhizobium form a symbiotic association with roots of leguminous plants producing root nodules. These bacteria reside inside the nodules and reduce atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia. The fixed nitrogen is taken up by plant. In return the plant provides nutrients both and protection to bacteria.

Sexual reproduction is absent (as the sexual stage is absent) in the artificial group of fungi called fungi imperfecti or deuteromycetes.

Fungi imperfecti is that group of fungi where only the imperfect stage (asexual stages) is present. The only known method of reproduction is by conidia (asexual reproduction). As sexual reproduction is absent in this group therefore diplophase is also absent.