Question 1: Palette 1/50

NEET 2026 MCQ

Arrange the following events occuring in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in the correct order:

A. Increase in blood pressure and Glomerular filtration rate

B. Reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and water from distal parts of tubule due to Aldosterone

C. Fall in Glomerular filtration rate

D. Vasoconstriction by Angiotensin II and release of Aldosterone.

E. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I, followed by Angiotensin II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

$\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{D}$

B

$\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E}$

C

$\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{C}$

D

$C, E, D, B, A$

Question 2: Palette 2/50

NEET 2026 MCQ

The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in

$\_\_\_\_$ related to the same nephron.

A

Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole

B

Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole

C

Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

D

Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

Question 3: Palette 3/50

NEET 2026 MCQ

Which of the following statements about the reabsorption process in Henle's loop are correct?

(a) The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes.

(b) Urine gets concentrated in Henle's loop.

(c) Reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and water takes place in Henle's loop.

(d) Active or passive transport of electrolytes occurs in the ascending limb of Henle's loop.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a), (b) and (d) only

B

(a) and (b) only

C

(b), (c) and (d) only

D

(a), (b) and (c) only

Question 4: Palette 4/50

NEET 2025 MCQ

In frog, the Renal portal system is a special venous connection that acts to link:

A

Kidney and intestine

B

Kidney and lower part of body

C

Liver and intestine

D

Liver and kidney

Question 5: Palette 5/50

NEET 2025 MCQ

Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal $(P)$ and distal $(D)$ tubule of the Nephron.

A

B

C

D

Question 6: Palette 6/50

NEET 2024 MCQ

Given below are two statements:

Statements I: Concentrated urine is formed due to counter current mechanism in nephron.

Statement II: Counter current mechanism helps to maintain osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitium.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

A

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

B

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

D

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Question 7: Palette 7/50

NEET 2024 MCQ

Given below are two statements :

Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes.

Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the option given below :

A

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B

Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C

Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D

Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Question 8: Palette 8/50

NEET 2024 MCQ

Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

A

Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.

B

Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.

C

Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.

D

Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.

Question 9: Palette 9/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A) : Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively.

Reason (R) : Dilution of filtrate takes place due to efflux of electrolytes in the medullary fluid.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

(A) is true but (R) is false

B

(A) is false but (R) is true

C

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

D

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 10: Palette 10/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Given below are two statements :

Statement I :- Goblet cells are unicellular glands.

Statement II :- Earwax is the secretion of exocrine gland.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

Statement I is true but Statement II is false

B

Statement I is false but Statement II is true

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

D

Both Statement I and Statement II are false.

Question 11: Palette 11/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Arrange the events of Renin - Angiotensin mechanism in correct sequence.

(A) Activation of JG cells and release of renin.

(B) Angiotensin II activates release of aldosterone.

(C) Fall in glomerular blood pressure.

(D) Reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from distal convoluted tubule.

(E) Angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin I and then to Angiotensin II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

(C), (A), (E), (B), (D)

B

(A), (D), (E), (C), (B)

C

(A), (D), (C), (B), (E)

D

(B), (A), (E), (D), (C)

Question 12: Palette 12/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla.

Reason R : Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

B

A is true but R is false.

C

A is false but R is true.

D

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 13: Palette 13/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Match List I with List II.

	List I		List II
(A)	Taenia	(I)	Nephridia
(B)	Paramoecium	(II)	Contractile vacuole
(C)	Periplaneta	(III)	Flame cells
(D)	Pheretima	(IV)	Urecose gland

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

B

A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

C

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

D

A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Question 14: Palette 14/50

NEET 2023 MCQ

Which of the following statements are correct?

A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors.

B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.

C. ANF causes vasodilation.

D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.

E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

B, C and D only

B

A, B and E only

C

C, D and E only

D

A and B only

Question 15: Palette 15/50

NEET 2022 MCQ

Select the correct statements.

(a) Angiotensin II activates the cortex of adrenal gland to release aldosterone.

(b) Aldosterone leads to increase in blood pressure.

(c) ANF acts as a check on renin-angiotensin mechanism.

(d) ADH causes vasodilation.

(e) Vasopressin is released from adenohypophysis.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

A

(a), (b) and (c) only

B

(a), (b) and (e) only

C

(c), (d) and (e) only

D

(b), (c) and (d) only

Question 16: Palette 16/50

NEET 2022 MCQ

Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by :

A

Ornithorhynchus

B

Salamandra

C

Hippocampus

D

Pavo

Question 17: Palette 17/50

NEET 2020 MCQ

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Ketonuria and Glycosuria

B

Uremia and Renal Calculi

C

Uremia and Ketonuria

D

Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Question 18: Palette 18/50

NEET 2020 MCQ

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

A

Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells

B

More water reabsorption due to undersecretion of ADH

C

Reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone

D

Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction

Question 19: Palette 19/50

NEET 2019 MCQ

Use of an artificial kindney during hemodialysis may result in :

(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(b) Non –elimination of excess potassium ions
(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
(d) Reduced RBC production

Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

A

(c) and (d) are correct

B

(a) and (d) are correct

C

(a) and (b) are correct

D

(b) and (c) are correct

Question 20: Palette 20/50

NEET 2019 MCQ

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

A

Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.

B

Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.

C

Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.

D

Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitum in the kidneys

Question 21: Palette 21/50

NEET 2018 MCQ

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

Column I (Function)	Column II (Part of excretory system)
A. Ultrafiltration	(i) Henle’s loop
B. Concentration of urine	(ii) Ureter
C. Transport of urine	(iii) Urinary bladder
D. Storage of urine	(iv) Malpighian corpuscle
	(v) Proximal convoluted tubule

A

A $ \to $ (iv), B $ \to $ (i), C $ \to $ (ii), D $ \to $ (iii)

B

A $ \to $ (iv), B $ \to $ (v), C $ \to $ (ii), D $ \to $ (iii)

C

A $ \to $ (v), B $ \to $ (iv), C $ \to $ (i), D $ \to $ (iii)

D

A $ \to $ (v), B $ \to $ (iv), C $ \to $ (i), D $ \to $ (ii)

Question 22: Palette 22/50

NEET 2018 MCQ

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

Column I	Column II
A. Glycosuria	(i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints
B. Gout	(ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney
C. Renal calculi	(iii) Inflammation in glomeruli
D. Glomerular nephritis	(iv) Presence of glucose in urine

A

A $ \to $ (iv), B $ \to $ (i), C $ \to $ (ii), D $ \to $ (iii)

B

A $ \to $ (ii), B $ \to $ (iii), C $ \to $ (i), D $ \to $ (iv)

C

A $ \to $ (iii), B $ \to $ (ii), C $ \to $ (iv), D $ \to $ (i)

D

A $ \to $ (i), B $ \to $ (ii), C $ \to $ (iii), D $ \to $ (iv)

Question 23: Palette 23/50

NEET 2017 MCQ

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

B

The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.

C

The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes.

D

The asecending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

Question 24: Palette 24/50

NEET 2017 MCQ

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

A

atrial natriuretic factor

B

aldosterone

C

ADH

D

renin

Question 25: Palette 25/50

NEET 2016 MCQ

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

A

distal convoluted tubule

B

proximal convoluted tubule

C

Bowman's capsule

D

descending limb of Henle's loop

Question 26: Palette 26/50

NEET 2015 MCQ

Human urine is usually acidic because

A

potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

B

hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate

C

the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.

D

excreted plasma proteins are acidic

Question 27: Palette 27/50

NEET 2015 MCQ

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

A

Renin

B

Areial-natriuretic factor

C

Alcohol

D

Caffeine

Question 28: Palette 28/50

NEET 2015 MCQ

Removal of proximal convoluated tubule from the nephron will result in

A

no change in quality and quantity of urine

B

no urine formation

C

more diluted urine

D

more concentrated urine.

Question 29: Palette 29/50

NEET 2014 MCQ

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

increase in aldosterone levels

B

Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels

C

Decrease in aldosterone levels

D

Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Question 30: Palette 30/50

NEET 2013 MCQ

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

A

Animal	Excretory organ	Excretory product
Labeo (Rohu)	Nephridial tubes	Ammonia

B

Animal	Excretory organ	Excretory product
Salamander	Kidneys	Urea

C

Animal	Excretory organ	Excretory product
Peacock	Kidneys	Urea

D

Animal	Excretory organ	Excretory product
Housefly	Renal tubules	Uric acid

Question 31: Palette 31/50

NEET 2012 MCQ

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

A

juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

B

adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

C

adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

D

posterior pituitary to release vasopressin.

Question 32: Palette 32/50

NEET 2012 MCQ

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

A

Ammonotelic	Ureotelic	Uricotelic
Pigeon, Humans	Aquatic amphibia, lizards	Cockroach, frog

B

Ammonotelic	Ureotelic	Uricotelic
Frog, lizards	Aquatic amphibia, humans	Cockroach, pigeon

C

Ammonotelic	Ureotelic	Uricotelic
Aquatic amphibia	Frog, humans	Pigeon, lizards, Cockroach

D

Ammonotelic	Ureotelic	Uricotelic
Aquatic amphibia	Cockroach, humans	Frog, pigeon, lizards

Question 33: Palette 33/50

NEET 2012 MCQ

Which one of the following characteristics is common both in humans and adult frogs?

A

Four chambered heart

B

Internal fertilization

C

Nucleated RBCs

D

Ureotelic mode of excretion

Question 34: Palette 34/50

NEET 2012 MCQ

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70 $-$ 80 percent) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

A

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

B

Distal convoluted tubule

C

Proximal convoluted tubule

D

Descending limb of loop of Henle

Question 35: Palette 35/50

NEET 2011 MCQ

Uricotelic mode of excreting nitrogenous wastes is found in

A

reptiles and birds

B

birds and annelids

C

amphibians and reptiles

D

insects and amphibians.

Question 36: Palette 36/50

NEET 2011 MCQ

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

A

Peritubular capillaries

B

Convoluted tubules

C

Collecting ducts

D

Loop of Henle

Question 37: Palette 37/50

NEET 2011 MCQ

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

A

When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.

B

Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.

C

An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.

D

During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.

Question 38: Palette 38/50

NEET 2011 MCQ

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

A

Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

B

Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

C

Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K⁺ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

D

Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.

Question 39: Palette 39/50

NEET 2010 MCQ

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

A

Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

B

Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO₃^$-$

C

Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

D

Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.

Question 40: Palette 40/50

NEET 2010 MCQ

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

A

in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver

B

in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys

C

in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

D

in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys.

Question 41: Palette 41/50

NEET 2009 MCQ

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

A

Micturition will continue

B

Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder

C

There will be no micturition

D

Urine will not collect in the bladder

Question 42: Palette 42/50

NEET 2009 MCQ

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of

A

earhworm

B

cockroach

C

frog

D

man.

Question 43: Palette 43/50

NEET 2007 MCQ

A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have

A

less amino acids in his urine

B

more glucose in his blood

C

less urea in his urine

D

more sodium in his urine.

Question 44: Palette 44/50

NEET 2006 MCQ

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

A

juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

B

macula densa cells

C

endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)

D

liver cells.

Question 45: Palette 45/50

NEET 2005 MCQ

The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is

A

50 mm Hg

B

75 mm Hg

C

20 mm Hg

D

30 mm Hg

Question 46: Palette 46/50

NEET 2005 MCQ

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

A

fats

B

amino acids

C

glucose

D

ketones.

Question 47: Palette 47/50

NEET 2005 MCQ

In ornithine cycle, which of the following wastes are removed from the blood?

A

CO₂ and urea

B

Ammonia and urea

C

CO₂ and ammonia

D

Urea and urine

Question 48: Palette 48/50

NEET 2003 MCQ

If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which one of the following is to be expected?

A

There will be no urine formation.

B

There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed.

C

The urine will be more concentrated,

D

The urine will be more dilute.

Question 49: Palette 49/50

NEET 2000 MCQ

Conversion of ammonia to urea is done by

A

ornithine cycle

B

arginine cycle

C

fumaric cycle

D

citrulline cycle.

Question 50: Palette 50/50

NEET 2000 MCQ

Concentration of urine depends upon which organ?

A

Bowman's capsule

B

Length of Henle's loop

C

PCT

D

Network of capillaries arising from glomerulus